Essay --

Courage and Honesty in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Approximately 6000 years ago in the late 1300’s, a poem by the title of â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† was written by an anonymous author. The poem was initially written in medieval literature with a very unique rhyme scheme, but was later translated to regular English for the purpose of studying and reading by high school students and researchers. The setting in the beginning of the story is in King Arthurs Court at a New Years Celebration. The celebration seems to be going well until the arrival of an uninvited guest. The Green Knight is introduced to the story when he arrives at the feast and asks the bulk of knights if they are willing to join him in a game. The point of the game is that he will allow which ever knight that chooses to challenge him one swing with an ax to try and chop off his head, but in order to play the game, the accepting knight must meet the green knight one year later at the green chapel so that he may do the same. After a great deal of taunting, the Green knight had finally provoked one of King Arthurs knights to accept his challenge. It just so happens that the bold knight Sir Gawain was the knight to step up to the plate. With only one swing, Sir Gawain is successful in chopping off the Green Knights head. To much astonishment, immediately after the knight is decapitated, he stands up, picks up h is head and is on his way. After a year, Sir Gawain sets off a journey to find the Green Chapel. While on his travels, Sir Gawain arrives at castle and is invited by the Lord to stay for the remainder of his trip.On the first morning of his stay, the Lord makes a deal with Sir Gawain. The deal is that the Lord will go out and search for the Green Cas... ...ed what he got. On the third day while the lord was hunting his wife gives Gawain this magic girdle that she tells him it will save him from the green knight. Gawain takes it and doesn't share what was rightfully the lords. For that woven garment you wear is my own girdle. My wife wove it, *so I know it well. I have missed no facts concerning your acts and kisses, Nor my wife's wooing of you; I brought it all about. I sent her to test you. You withstood her stoutly. You're the most faultless solider who walks on foot! This is explaining how the lord set up this trap for Gawain to fall into. This was to test his honesty and see if he would share this magic girdle that would save his life. Gawain was to the point were he wasn't looking to be honest with the lord and give him back the girdle. He knew if would of given up the girdle the green knight would of killed him.

Malnutrition in the Elderly with Dementia Essay

What is Malnutrition? Malnutrition is a state of nutrition (under or over nutrition) in which a lack of protein, energy and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue and/or body form, composition, function or clinical outcome. We will focus on under nutrition as a nutritional concern. The main cause for concern among older people in the UK is that they are not eating enough to maintain good nutrition. Among the population of older people in residential care there are many more underweight people than there are overweight or obese people, and in old age being underweight poses a far greater risk to health than being overweight. The most recent information on the nutritional status of older people in Britain was reported in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) of people aged 65 years and over in 1998. In this survey, 3% of men and 6% of women living at home were underweight, while comparable figures for those in residential care were 16% and 15% respectively. It is suggested, however, that risk of undernutrition is still not adequately identified in older people and that undernutrition is often associated with hospitalisation and poor health status.1 The level of undernutrition among older people with dementia in residential care is likely to be even higher, with estimates that as many as 50% of older people with dementia have inadequate energy intakes. Undernutrition is related to increased mortality, increased risk of fracture, increased risk of infections and increased risk of specific nutrient deficiencies leading to a variety of health-related conditions that can greatly affect the quality of life. Disease can also exert a potent influence on malnutrition as medical conditions can reduce food intake and impair digestion and absorption of nutrients as well as affect how the body metabolises and utilises them. The causes of undernutrition in older people in residential care are often multi-factorial: low income, living alone, limited mobility, and lack of facilities and social network can lead to undernutrition before admission, and this is often exacerbated by depression, bereavement and confusion. Factors that have been associated with undernutrition in care situations include: lack of palatability of food and inflexible timing of meals, lack of assistance with eating or loss of independence in eating, lack of acceptability of food provided to ethnic minorities and lack of awareness of the need for assessment and documentation of older people at risk of undernutrition. Malnutrition can be significant if a person has: †¢ a BMI of less than 18.5 kg/m2 †¢ had unintentional weight loss greater than 10% within the last 3-6 months †¢ a BMI less than 20kg/m2 and has had unintentional weight loss greater than 5% within the last 3-6 months People are also at risk of becoming malnourished if they have eaten very little or nothing for more than 5 days and/or this pattern is likely to continue. Worryingly, more than 1 in 4 of all adults admitted for a hospital stay, to a mental unit or a care home is at risk of malnutrition. It is a well-documented fact that worldwide, the elderly population is increasing, and with it, the incidence of malnutrition. Malnutrition is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality in independently living older people, as well as in nursing home residents and hospitalised patients. Prevalence of malnutrition amongst the elderly population: †¢ 35% in adults over 80 years of age †¢ 25 – 35% in adults 60 – 80 years †¢ 25% in adults less than 60 years of age Causes of Malnutrition There are many causes of malnutrition. These can include: †¢ Reduced intake: Poor appetite due to illness, food aversion, nausea or pain when eating, depression, anxiety, side effects of medication or drug addiction †¢ Inability to eat: This can be due to investigations or being held nil by mouth, reduced levels of consciousness; confusion; difficulty in feeding oneself due to weakness, arthritis or other conditions such as Parkinson’s Disease, dysphasia, vomiting, painful mouth conditions, poor oral hygiene or dentition; restrictions imposed by surgery or investigations †¢ Lack of food availability: poverty; poor quality diet at home, in hospital or in care homes; problems with shopping and cooking †¢ Impaired absorption: This can be due to medical and surgical problems effecting digestion & stomach, intestine, pancreas and liver /or absorption †¢ Altered metabolism: Increased or changed metabolic demands requirements related to illness e.g. cancer; surgery, organ dysfunction, or treatment †¢ Excess losses: Vomiting; diarrhoea; nutrient fistulae; stomas; losses from nasogastric losses tube and other drains or skin exudates from burns People at risk of Malnutrition As we have seen, the groups most vulnerable to malnutrition include: †¢ People just discharged from hospital †¢ Elderly people (16% in residential care) †¢ People with cancer and other long-term conditions †¢ People recovering from surgery Risk factors more specific to the elderly: Dementia and other neurological disorders: – Alzheimer’s disease – Other forms of dementia – Confusional syndrome – Consciousness disorders – Parkinsonism Consequences of Malnutrition Malnutrition can often go undetected and when left untreated, it can have serious consequences on health, which include: †¢ Increased risk to infections †¢ Delayed wound healing †¢ Impaired respiratory function †¢ Muscle weakness and depression Detection of Malnutrition There is no alternative to measurements of weight and height, along with other anthropometric measures in specialist circumstances. These measurements can then be used with the following questions: †¢ Has our resident been eating a normal and varied diet in the last few weeks? †¢ Has our resident experienced intentional or unintentional weight loss recently? Rapid weight loss is a concern in all patients/residents whether obese or not †¢ Can our residents eat, swallow, digest and absorb enough food safely to meet their likely needs? †¢ Does our resident have an unusually high need for all or some nutrients? Surgical stress, trauma, infection, metabolic disease, wounds, bedsores or history of poor intake may all contribute to such a need †¢ Does any treatment, disease, physical limitation or organ dysfunction limit out resident’s ability to handle the nutrients for current or future needs? †¢ Does our resident have excessive nutrient losses through vomiting, diarrhoea, surgical drains etc? †¢ Does a global assessment of our resident suggest under nourishment? Low body weight, loose fitting clothes, fragile skin, poor wound healing, apathy, wasted muscles, poor appetite, altered taste sensation, altered bowel habit. Discussion with relatives may be important †¢ In the light of all of the above, can our resident meet all of their requirements by voluntary choice from the food available? Understanding that asking these questions take a significant amount of time and expertise, a number of screening tools have been developed to help you identify whether our residents are at risk of malnutrition. Given the high prevalence of malnutrition and lack of proper management of patients/residents in various settings, performing a routine nutritional ‘screening’ should result in early identification of patients/residents who might have otherwise been missed. A screening tool should help establish reliable pathways of care for patients with malnutrition. Screening for malnutrition (and the risk of malnutrition) should be carried out by healthcare professionals with appropriate skills and training.

Who Is Thomas Jefferson - 993 Words

Who is Thomas Jefferson? Matthew Backlin United States History 1 A CP October 18, 2015 Who was Thomas Jefferson? Most people just think of him as the man who wrote the Declaration of Independence or just one of our many presidents. That’s not the case. Jefferson was more than that, He was a very intelligent man and a loving father and grandfather. Thomas Jefferson was also an inventor and one of the most significant men in the history of making America who we are today. One of our founding fathers and our third president, Thomas Jefferson was a very well-known man. He was born on April 13th, 1743 in a small town called Shadwell in Virginia. He was born at his father s tobacco plantation on the Rivanna River, which flows through a gap in a small range called the Southwest Mountains. In 1760 when Jefferson turned 17 he rode to Williamsburg so he could attend the college of William and Mary. (Twilight at Monticello, 14) After college Thomas Jefferson soon founded the University of Virginia. Years later during the Revolutionary war, he decided to write the Declaration of Independence ending the war and declaring America’s independence on July 4th. His presidential term lasted for exactly eight years from March 4th, 1801 to March 4th, 1809. Jefferson died on July 4th, 1846 at the age of 83 in Charlottesville, Virginia. During his last 17 years of his life, Jefferson remained in Monticello. (Monticello, 1) AfterShow MoreRelatedThomas Jefferson And His Achievements And Political Decisions1262 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, one of the most well-known presidents in American history, was the third president of the United States, and was known as one of the Founding Fathers, for he is one of the principle authors of the famous Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson is an important factor of the development of the United States. This leading figured has influenced the prosperity of the America’s with his achievements and political decisions, regarding the United States JosephRead MoreInterview Of John Hope Franklin On Thomas Jefferson908 Words   |  4 PagesInterview of John Hope Franklin on Thomas Jefferson The thing that draws us to Thomas Jefferson is his knowledge of the way things were and where things needed to go. In declaring he was the author of the Declaration of Independence gives us something we can trust. The two â€Å"all men are created equal† and the fact that Thomas Jefferson owned slaves are irreconcilable. Granted that he is forgiven in the sense that he is human and not much else. His level of understanding and the commitment he gaveRead MoreThomas Jefferson And The Declaration Of Independence1560 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Do you want to know who you are? Don’t ask. Act! Action will delineate and define you.† He should believe so, as Thomas Jefferson’s actions clearly characterize his individual self, while also inducing the question, Does Thomas Jefferson deserve the honor he possesses, through these eminent actions? Many people believe that Thomas Jefferson is a powerful individual who helped form our country, and was a great leader thr ough his presidential career. He made the best out of difficult situations, whenRead MoreThomas Jefferson: More than a President Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pageswomen. Prominent among these heroes and heroines is Thomas Jefferson who wrote the Declaration of Independence. Apart from the Declaration, Jefferson accomplished great achievements in his lifetime; our nation would not be the same today without his genius: â€Å"Even among that remarkable group of men known as the Founding Fathers, Jefferson was truly a giant† (Allison 9). Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 to Peter and Jane Jefferson who lived near the Blue Ridge Mountains in colonial AmericaRead MoreThomas Jefferson And His Influence On American History967 Words   |  4 Pagessocieties. Thomas Jefferson, an early American founding father, is credited to have had much influence on what shaped our early American society, and what would go on to eventually become the bases of our modern American way of life. â€Å"Jefferson is best known as the leading classical liberal in American history. As the author of the Declaration of Independence, he outlined the political principles that launched the new nation.† (James Thomas Jefferson, Life Centered Philosophy) Thomas Jefferson was notRead MoreThomas Jefferson And The Declaration Of Independence1360 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Jefferson was a man who was born on April 13, 1743, he the third president of United States, author of the Declaration of Independence, a lawyer gentlemen farmer, h e also was the father of the University of Virginia. Jefferson’s influences on government was to end federal government, to allow the Sedition and Alien Act to put an end to it, to end the taxes, and after ending taxes to release prisoners held by this act. Thomas brought a studied informality to the presidency. He used revenuesRead MoreGeorge Washington and Thomas Jefferson Contribution to Stable Government724 Words   |  3 PagesRevolutionary Contributions to Stable Government George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were two important presidents who had an enormous affect on our nation’s stable government and beginning years of our country. Each made their unique contributions to a new government under the Constitution after the failed adoption of the Articles of Confederation. After the war for independence, the Articles of Confederation, began to fail because there was no direct effective way to to collect revenue,Read MoreEssay on Thomas Jefferson1532 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson He is best remembered as a great president and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He also won lasting fame as a diplomat, a political thinker, and a founder of the Democratic Party. Jeffersons interests and talents covered an amazing range. He became one of the leading American architects of his time and designed the Virginia Capitol, the University of Virginia, and his own home, Monticello. He greatly appreciated art and music and tried to encourage theirRead MoreEssay on The Success of the Declaration of Indepedence656 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans all across the world celebrate Independence Day, the day the United States declared their independence from Great Britain. The mechanism they used on July 4, 1776 was â€Å"The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States† written by Thomas Jefferson. The Declaration Of Independence was a success by using various types of support, ethos (ethic), pathos (emotion) and logos (logic). The first paragraph lays the logic (logos) behind people separating from their government in a way that grabsRead MoreThomas Jefferson: One of Americas Most Inspirational Men Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Jefferson was not only our nations third president, but one of the most inspirational men in our United States history. His life from birth to death will be explained in the following content, and will give you a better understanding of his contributions to the United States and his accomplishments throughout his very interesting life. Thomas was born in Goachland County, Virginia on April 13th, 1743. He lived in his family’s estate called Shadwell that was owned and built by Thomas’

Essay on Field Experience with a Law Enforcement Agent

Riding along with a police officer and interviewing him about his views on crime and behavior produced many insights towards the law enforcement attitude towards crime and behavior. The officer that I interviewed had over twenty years of experience within three law enforcement agencies and served many details from basic patrol to K9 unit to narcotics and courts. The first impression was that this officer was highly respected among the newer officers and that he had â€Å"seen it all.† Learning more about his background, it was found that he had many experiences from handling critical incidents such as live shootings to murder cases, gang cases, drug raids, traffic work, etc†¦ Thus I presumed that if he was able to survive within law†¦show more content†¦He characterized place as an area, such as the school, where there was high foot and vehicular traffic with simple escape routes, a target, such as a trolley passenger or an ignorant student, and the offender, who will seize the opportunity to commit crime once he or she believes that there is no a low risk of getting caught by the absence of a guardian and an easy opportunity to exploit. The officer also spoke about how criminal behavior can be passed down from generation to generation, how criminals that start young and are not exposed enough to good influences, and how criminals lack the opportunities to move up the social and career ladder. This goes in line with Valenzuela’s (2014) definitions of social learning theory. This is marked by how criminals learn criminal behavior through social interaction. The officer blamed the parents, who he assumed were criminals as well, which causes the young adult or juvenile to commit crime since â€Å"they do not know any better.† He made a few assumptions that these criminals and their parents lacked in education as they dropped out of school and lived in primarily unsafe neighborhoods marked with gang and drug cultures. This could be seen as strain theory, as social structures produced lack of opportunity to go up the social ladder and succeed, therefore leading someone to commit crime instead. OneShow More RelatedThe Importance Of Being A Dea Agent1077 Words   |  5 Pagesto become a DEA Agent, a rigorous hiring process is needed to ensure only qualified applicants become part of the country’s elite drug-fighting team. The first step would be to meet with a recruiter. To join the DEA, a bachelor’s degree and/or experience related to the field is the first requirement (The United States Department of Justice: Careers). After this is met, one can contact their local recruiter and apply through them. Once the application is completed, a Special Agent Applicant OrientationRead MoreThe Fbi Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, employee statistics, what it takes to become an agent, what crimes the FBI investigates, and other important facts. First, what is the FBI and what do they do? 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To uphold the law through the investigation of violations of federal criminal law; to protect the U.S. from foreign intelligence and terrorist activities; to provide leadership and law enforcement assistance to federal, state, local, and international agencies; and to perform these responsibilities in a manner that is responsive to the needs of the public and is faithful to the constitution of the U.S.: this is the mission of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The agency nowRead MoreThe United States Secret Service1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Secret Service is one of the oldest federal law enforcement agencies in the country, and one of the most elite in the world. Secret Service’s mission is to protect the president, vice president and others; and investigations into crimes against the financial infrastructure of the United States (USSS History. (n.d.). By law, the Secret Service is authorized to protect the president, vice president, the president elect, and vice president elect. The immediate families of those individualsRead MoreCriminal Justice : A Drug Enforcement Administration Agent977 Words   |  4 Pagesprofession I have chosen in the Police Law Enforcement category of criminal justice is a Drug Enforcement Administration agent. This job requires dealing with all major drug offenders, such as drug trafficking and major drug trades. DEA agents work for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, and their mission is to eliminate the use and sale of drugs in the United States. The duties of a DEA agent change based on the current drug issues. 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My first step to achieving my ultimate goal of an FBI Special Agent was gaining an internship. I was thrilled to have been selected for the Honors Internship Program and even more elated to find out that I had been placed on a Counter Terrorism Squad that specializes in the field I have th e greatest desire to be a part of. Through my internship

The Challenges of E-Commerce - 1403 Words

The Challenges of E-Commerce MKT552 The Challenges of E-Commerce Today’s business managers face many challenges when migrating a traditional ‘brick and mortar’ company to that which is now known as the evolutionary ‘click and mortar’ business model – that is, a business that operates in the Internet market space. To stand boldly in the face of challenges presented by the networked economy, firms must develop competencies that enable not only high performance market interactivity and adaptive, intuitive customer engagement platforms, but also contribute to the development of sound business strategies that ensure a firm’s competitiveness in the vast web-based business environment. Considering this, important factors such as†¦show more content†¦Business Challenges Unique to e-Commerce Operations Managers face many challenges when deploying an e-commerce business model; therefore, it becomes necessary to examine, research, and analyze the different types of e-commerce infrastructures in order to develop and implement a sound business strategy that embraces the networked marketplace. The result of such studies helps managers to â€Å"determine strategy, deploy resources, operate firms, manage relationships with their markets, and measure results,† (Rayport Jaworski, 2003, p.2). Therefore, it is important for leadership to consider the appropriate strategic alignment of such efforts with the firm’s overall mission, values, strategies, and available resources so as to ensure transparency in business operations whether it falls within the physical or web-based operational infrastructure. The first steps that managers must consider when developing and employing an online business strategy include the ways in which information, goods and services and communications are exchanged in the web-based operational model. In essence, they must realize that technology and digitalization is key to fostering customer-centric user experiences, so as to support transactional, order fulfillment, and information exchange. In addition, anShow MoreRelated Internet - Challenges of B2B and B2C E-commerce Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesThe Challenges of B2B and B2C E-commerce E-commerce â€Å"is the exchange of money for goods or services between companies and/or end consumers† (Hemond-Wilson). The most common image of e-commerce â€Å"is that of a web-based catalogue from which buyers can order products and the sellers can receive payment† (Hemond-Wilson). E-commerce has two main forms, which are business-to-business, and business to consumer. 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However, the businesses that demonstrated determination and a willingness to overcome the challenges that they were faced with, have ultimately succeeded in expanding their clientele. One example of the type of company that can be found online is an electronic retailer, or a cybermall type of a site. Electronic retailing, also known as e-tailing, is the direct sale from business to consumer through electronic storefronts. These e-tailing sites are typicall yRead MoreE Commerce, An Aspect Of Information Communications Technology1340 Words   |  6 Pagescapacities through the use of tools such as electronic commerce (e-commerce) (Briggeman Whitacre, 2010; Roe et al., 2014). E-commerce, an aspect of information communications technology (ICT), is defined as the buying, selling, and marketing of goods and services online (Hua et al., 2015). E-commerce lowers costs, increases revenues, raises productivity, and brings access to new markets (Briggeman Whitacre, 2010; Roe et al., 2014). 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Light and a Long Day’s Journey Into Night Free Essays

For many directors, a LONG DAY’S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT remains a cross collateral character study. That is to say, since the play is punctuated with a number of dysfunctional characters the emphasis on the drama of the play should be on the performance of the characters. If the actors are not properly presenting the uniqueness of these characters then the play will fall apart. We will write a custom essay sample on Light and a Long Day’s Journey Into Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is not an inaccurate assessment nor would it be a flawed approach to directing. But, if casting and character examination were the only aspect of this play to be fleshed out then the approach would be single focused. This is because the very title of the play stresses that it takes place during the day and this would evoke the notion that the greater and brighter the lighting of the play the more potential for serious drama will be the result. While â€Å"playing† with lighting has often been employed as a strategy for evoking mood it is almost a clichà © of a clichà © that shadows are employed to create a certain mood. Then again, why would they not be? The use of shadows can often be employed to create a unique environment that can stress fear, confusion, foreboding, et al. With LONG DAY’S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT, however, this would be downright impossible. After all, how many shadows can you create during the day? Well, yes, there are a number of ways you could integrate shadows into a daylight scenario but this would not be my particular approach. Instead, I would prefer an approach where daylight literally â€Å"burns† non-stop through the proceedings. The reason for this is that such an approach would create a heighten sense of realism by pushing the character flaws of the cast to the  forefront. In other words, it becomes difficult to hide in broad daylight and this would be the approach taken to strip the characters somewhat bare. The cast of characters are literally â€Å"loaded† with flaws. There are alcoholics, drug addicts, the grievously ill, etc. Now, this is not to condemn the characters for their problems as much as it is to point out they are characters battling demons. The problems that these characters much contend with are very real. As such, there should be no attempt made to hide the characters flaws and that means a symbolic and literal light needs to be shined upon them. So, when there are scenes presented which are designed to highlight these flaws the scenes should be very brightly lit in the manner of shinning daylight. This will create make any masking of their problems difficult as it creates a subtext of the problems being out in the open. Again, this is not to say that the use of shadows and intermingling dark lighting into the proceedings will not work. Any attempt at manipulating the lighting in a motivated and effective manner has the potential to be successful. But, this would not be the approach I would intend to take when directing the play. As such, the use of shadows would be limited to as minimal as possible. To do otherwise would harm a major aspect of the play: it is intended to take place in daylight and to hide daylight through generic or uninspired lighting would undermine critical subtexts that make it a powerful work. Daylight brings the play and its themes into the â€Å"real world† and this concept is an important one. The play embraces the daylight and so should the play’s director.    How to cite Light and a Long Day’s Journey Into Night, Essay examples

How did Golkar Contribute to the New Order

Question: Discuss about the Report for How did Golkar Contribute to the New Order. Answer: Indonesia was one such country which was under the dictatorship of one person for more than thirty years named Suharto until he left the chair in the year 1998 which marked a very important reform for the country. This marked the introduction of the democratic type of politics which was for the people, by the people and of the people. It emphasized upon casting the power to the various states rather than concentrating it to the centre thus focussing upon decentralization of power. Post stepping down of Suharto from the power, Golkar was one such political party which emerged as the strongest in Indonesia amongst the others[1]. The New Order came into action in the year 1966 when Indonesias first president ended up endangering the economic scenario of the country by cutting off all its ties with the West. It is Suharto New Order Government which proposed to bring a reform into the existing political system by ensuring it to reunite again by joining hands with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the United Nations and the World Bank. He further moved towards cutting down of inflation and concentrated his efforts towards recovery of the economy of Indonesia which had almost died. Within two years, Suharto succeeded in ensuring price stability, investments in big lots thus ensuring that the economy resulted in double digit. The New Order concentrated more towards bringing stability in the economic conditions of the country. The export had also seen significant rise. However the economy had again suffered during the fall of the price of oil which it eradicated by concentrating upon exports and introducing a new law for taxing non-oil products and deregularizing the banks. However everything that seemed to be perfect with the New Order has its own negativities to address. The biggest problem which the citizens faced was that Suharto missed the human touch in its rule. Gradually it became more of an autocratic kind of a party wherein even though the poverty level had reduced significantly yet the people were not allowed to raise their voices. They were not involved into any political or economical decision and hence if anybody even tried to raise their voices were subdued by Suharto by introducing unacceptable restrictions. Fortunately the country fought to come out of the shackles of Suharto after three decades[2]. The Golkar party which existed then also, gradually became powerful as its infrastructural background of the party, its decisional self sufficiency and the relation which the party has maintained with the masses is remarkably noticeable. Due to more cohesive structuralisation, Golkar is ranked above available alternatives. However due to some glitches in its structure the party failed to achieve expected results in its general elections in the year 2004. It came as a surprise to the Indonesian politics that Golkar although couldnt continue with the unreal support which it had got during the New Order, yet it did not fade away with the situations and chose not to be a part of the pages of political history of Indonesia. It rose and fought and managed to grab a share of 22 percent during the first post-Suharto elections held in the year 1999 securing a second position. After the same the party did not sit back and rather chose to become one of the most sought after political groups of the country by adhering to various parliamentary rules and regional elections. [3] The Golkar party however was a major participant of all elections that have been held in Indonesia till date. Even though it failed to gain the advantages which other political parties had got with regards election campaigns but the very motto of ensuring stability, security and development of the country made it popular amongst the masses which is very similar to what was proposed by Suhartos New Order. Suharto had supported the oligarchs and the business men and helped them to grow large and the Golkar party also helped in the survival of the oligarchies[4]. On 16th May 2016, the Golkar Party came to power at least for the next five years which is the beginning of a new era from the institutional view point. This party is a united one who knows how to deal with internal frictions with ease. It won the elections with more than fifty percent votes. Indonesia saw the democracy prevalent between the parties as well through which pervasive influences were shown prior to and following the 2014 presidential elections. The political scenario was very dynamic in Indonesia, even then the elections were performed in a fair and more transparent manner. There was professionalism in the election campaigns conducted[5]. There are two pragmatic concepts which explain the survival of the New Order and the contribution made by Golkar Party for the same. First and foremost is how well the Golkar Party succeeded in cementing the fragments that were there within the party by embracing the situations and easing down the fire and appreciating the work and efforts of the losers of the 2014 presidential elections However the victory of Setya Novanto clearly talks about the strengthening of the oligarchic system internally as well as externally[6]. The new leader has been noticed to act as a political agent who acts as a linkage between the interest of the businessmen with that of the government in power. Before Setya was associated with Golkar as a politician, he has been known as a business man. It has also been found that the new oligarch was the man behind the allocation of business projects by utilization the National Budget of the country. He was earlier the treasurer of the party for nearly twenty years which shows a clear cut evidence of his oligarchic associations. He has used his power to mint in money for the partys benefit as well as for boosting up his own political career[7]. Secondly, after the fall of the Suharto party the concept of board of patrons was prohibited in total which the Golkar Party is seen reinstating the same. Further the Party agreed that the same should be led by Aburizal as the head of the board of patrons. This was one of the striking notions adopted by the congress after Setya won the election which clearly shows its contribution to the survival of the New Order. It is the responsibility of both the board of patrons as well as the central executive board- one led by the business man and the other by the political leader cum business man to nominate candidates for the legislative as well as executive houses. Unlike the Suharto reign where due to autocratic rule, Suharto was the sole person who had the power to take decisions until its decline in the year 1998 under the New Order, the present Golkar party do not have the veto to dissolve the central executive board. Thus it exists only for its name but the entire power has been vested into the hands of Aburizal- the business tycoon who has the authority to drive the politics between Golkar and the other political parties and the economic bodies [8]. The tycoon was eyeing at the chairmanship of the Party and had even invested huge sums in the Party but however could not procure nomination for the presidents seat. However via this method he presumes that he would be able to get back his power, money as well as good luck of winning the general elections in the next term. This clearly proves that Indonesia can never be divorced from the political parties who are being commandeered by these oligarchs [9]. Therefore after the re-introduction of the board of patrons it became very clear that the entire political system and the policies will be driven by these business magnates so that they can benefit by driving the policies in their favour. This clearly shows that Golkars picturesque view of democracy was more of a dream[10]. Thus on summarizing the contributions made by the Golkar Party for the survival of the New Order, it is very evident that democracy can never exist in Indonesia. The political wheels of the country were always driven by the business houses and are still driven by them. The only difference is that Suhartos era saw sole authority of him and he never allowed the rise of anybody else. However in the said case the contribution may be short lived in nature as the method of choosing the leader of Indonesia has shifted its base to a more democratic style. Thus in order to win in the next elections the Party will have to rethink about its present scenario. The representation style has changed from the past but the outcome remains the same. References: atimes.com. (2016). Golkar Party to support Indonesian President Joko Widodos government. Available at : https://atimes.com/2016/01/golkar-party-to-back-indonesian-president-widodo/ [Accessed 16th August 2016] Budi, A. (2016). Golkar Party and the survival of oligarchy. Available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/05/19/golkar-party-and-the-survival-of-oligarchy.html [Accessed 16th August 2016] Dewi, E.A. (2016). Golkar to collect billions from each chairman candidate. Available At : https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/04/21/golkar-to-collect-billions-from-each-chairman-candidate.html [Accessed 16th August 2016] Heriyanto, D. (2016). Q A: Sink or sail? Whats ahead for the Golkar ship under diehard captain Setya Noanto?. Available at : https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/05/23/qa-sink-or-sail-whats-ahead-for-the-golkar-ship-under-diehard-captain-setya-novanto.html [Accessed 16th August 2016] Indonesia-investments.com. (2016). Reformation ;New Challenges and Changes for Indonesia. Available at : https://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/politics/reformation/item181 [Accessed 16th August 2016] Kinadi, B. (2013). The Legacy of the New Order Regime and the Islamist Challenge in Indonesias Democratic Consolidation. Available at : https://dra.american.edu/islandora/object/auislandora%3A10373/datastream/PDF/view [Accessed 15th August 2016] Stott, D.A. (2014). Indonesias Elections of 2014: Democratic Consolidation or Reversal?. The Asia-Pacific Journal. Vol. 12. No. 10 Tomsa, D. (2008). Party Politics and Democratization in Indonesia- Golkar in the post- Suharto era. Routledge: New York Vogt, B. (2014). The Path to Civilian Rule in Burma Goes Through Indonesia. Centre for National Policy. Available at : https://cnponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/The-Path-to-Civilian-Rule-in-Burma-Goes-through-Indonesia.pdf [Accessed 15th August 2016] Warburton, E. (2016). The business of politics in Indonesia. Available at : https://www.insideindonesia.org/the-business-of-politics-in-indonesia-4 [Accessed 16th August 2016]